AMPA Receptor Modulation: What Ampakines Do at the Molecular Level
A 2002 structure of GluR2 showed that stabilising the dimer interface reduces desensitisation. Everything ampakines are said to do at the molecular level follows from that one interface.
Modafinil and the Dopamine Transporter: What Imaging Studies Showed
A 1994 paper reported low-affinity binding at the dopamine uptake site; PET imaging in 2009 put human transporter occupancy between 39 and 54 percent. The mechanism debate did not end there.
Bromantane’s Dual Profile: Actoprotector Research from the Soviet Era
Forty-five of the fifty-six PubMed records naming this compound in the title carry no DOI, and six carry no abstract at all. The evidence base is measurable before it is readable.
The Biology of Ageing: Hallmarks, Chemistry and What the Evidence Supports
The hallmarks framework grew from nine categories in 2013 to twelve in 2023 without a single new cell being discovered. This guide separates the replicated results from the associations, with every number taken from the cited paper.